5月26日开始，连续三天
环球时报整版刊发英文报道
今天，报道从海陆文明共生
与乡村共富实践两个维度
解码宁波的海洋文化基因
海外网站和海外社交平台同步推出
全文如下
Land-seasynergykeepsNingbo’sMaritimeSilkRoadspiritalive
RelicsunearthedfromtheJingtoushansiteinNingbo,ZhejiangProvince（浙江宁波井头山遗址出土的文物）
LocatedinNingbo,EastChina'sZhejiangProvince,thelocalarchaeologicalsitesofJingtoushanandHemuduareactuallyofglobalimportancesincetheyareexamplesforexploringhowhumanstookthefirststepstofarmthelandanddrawuponthebountyofthesea.Twoquestsareboundtothedevelopmentofhumancivilizationregardlessofculturalorgeographicaldifferences.
Knownasthe"grandfather"oftheHemudusite,theJingtoushansiteboastsahistoryofover8,000years.Steppingintothesite,onewillfindthegroundiscoveredwiththeremainsofshellsandsnails.ThesiteinNingboisalsothedeepestburiedandearliestshellmiddensitealongChina'scoastline.
Overtheyears,archaeologistshaveuncoveredevidenceatthissiteofearlyhumansconsumingshellfish,crabsandmore,signsthatthepeopleofNingbowerethevery"firsttoeatcrabs,"aphraseinChinesethatrepresentssomeonewhohascourageandwisdomtoventureintotheunknown.
Meanwhile,awell-preservedwoodenpaddle,laterconfirmedtobetheearliestknownboatoarintheworldusedfornearshorenavigation,wasalsodiscoveredattheJingtoushansite.Theseremainsrevealalocalculturethatevolvedfrommarineroots,demonstratingthewisdomofmaritimeadaptationthathaslongbeenembeddedinthisregion.
"Evenonaglobalscale,themaritimeadaptationandresourceuseseenatJingtoushanwereexceptionalfortheMiddleNeolithic.ThesefindingsandtheirstoriesbelongnotjusttoChina,buttoallhumankind,"saidWangWei,adistinguishedarchaeologist.
YetNingbo'sstoryofcivilizationisnotdefinedbytheseaalone.Instead,ittellsamorenuancedstoryofaregionflourishingbythesea,yetthrivingonagriculture.ThisstorycanbeseenclearlywhenexaminingtheHemudusiteabitcloser.
TheHemuduSiteMuseuminNingbo,ZhejiangProvincePhoto:LiYuche/GT（浙江宁波河姆渡遗址博物馆。图片来源：李予澈/环球时报）
Datingbacktoaround7,000yearsago,theHemudusiterepresentsacornerstoneofprehistoricagricultureinsouthernChina.YeKai,directoroftheHemuduMuseum,toldtheGlobalTimesthaton-siteexcavationshaveunearthedremainsofricegrainsandhundredsofgusi(boneploughshare).Amongthesediscoveries,thecarbonizedricegrainsstillradiatedagoldenglowwhenfirstexcavated.Thesecarbonizedricegrainsareamongtheoldestcultivatedricespecimenseverdiscoveredintheworld.
Thesefindingsnotonlyconfirmthe"Chineseorigins"ofriceagriculture,butalsorevealthatNingbo'scivilizationdevelopedasacompositefoundationinwhichmaritimeandagriculturaltraditionsreinforcedoneanother.ThisinclusiveculturalbedrockfindsclearexpressioninNingbo'sdistinctiveroleasa"livingfossil"oftheAncientMaritimeSilkRoad.
UnlikeothernodesalongtheMaritimeSilkRoadsuchasQuanzhouinFujianProvinceandGuangzhouinGuangdongProvince,theprosperityofNingbo'smaritimesilkculturedidnotrely"toomuchonanadventurousspirit.""Instead,itwasdrivenbyanagriculturalhinterland-driventrade,ratherthantheQuanzhou-styleocean-voyagingadventure-drivenmodel,"ChenFeilong,anexpertoftheYangtzeRiverDeltaUrbanEconomicCoordinationCouncilandaportspecialist,toldtheGlobalTimes.
SuchadriveenabledNingbotoexchangetheregion'sspecialtiessuchasagriculturalproducts,porcelain,silk,andteaalongtheMaritimeSilkRoad,establishingitselfasacenterforculturalexchangeinNortheastAsia.Beyondgoods,architecturaltechniquesandBuddhistculturealsoradiatedfromNingbotootherregionsthroughmaritimeroutes.
"What'smore,Ningbo'sMaritimeSilkRoadculturehasshownremarkablecontinuitysinceithasneverbeenbrokenfromtheTangDynasty(618-907)tilltoday,"Chenremarked.
Today,this"unbroken"SilkRoadexchangehasevolvedintonewparadigmsinNingbo,tellingthestoryofthe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad.
WiththeNingbo-ZhoushanPortasitsgateway,manufacturedproductsfromtheYangtzeRiverDeltaareexportedglobally.Meanwhile,thetraditional"land-seasymbiosis"hastransformedintoamaritimefoodtrade.Whileexportingcold-chainfisheryandgrainproducts,Ningbohasalsoemergedasamagnetforforeigninvestors.
AndreasThorud,aNorwegiansalmonfarmer,isacaseinpoint.DrawnbyNingbo'spro-businessenvironment,whichisbackedbystronggovernmentsupport,henotonlysetuphisownoperationinthecity,butalsohelpedforgepartnershipsbetweenmoreNorwegiancompaniesandNingbo.
"Thenasnow,Ningbo'sMaritimeSilkRoadspirithasneverbeenaboutaggressiveplunder.Rather,itchampionsmutuallybeneficial,equal,andinclusiveinteractions,"Chenremarked.
海陆相济，
让宁波海上丝绸之路精神生生不息
记者李予澈报道
浙江宁波的井头山与河姆渡遗址，虽偏于一隅，却具全球之重。它们是探索“农业起源”与“人类海洋适应性”文明命题的鲜活样本——而这两大命题，本就是跨越文化与地理差异的人类共同追问。
井头山遗址素有河姆渡遗址“爷爷”之称，迄今已有8000多年历史。步入遗址，随处可见散落满地的贝壳与螺壳。这处位于宁波的遗址，也是中国沿海地区埋藏最深、年代最早的海岸贝丘遗址。
经过多年发掘，考古学家在这处遗址中找到了早期人类食用贝壳、螃蟹等海产的证据——这使宁波人成了名副其实的“第一个吃螃蟹的人”。在中文语境中，这句话象征着拥有勇气、智慧和探索未知的胆识。
与此同时，井头山遗址还出土了保存完好的木桨。这件木桨后来被证实为世界上已知最早的用于近岸航行的船桨。这些遗存揭示了一种源自海洋根脉的宁波本地文化，也彰显了这片土地上自古以来对海洋的适应智慧。
“即便放眼全球，井头山所体现的海洋适应与资源利用水平，在新石器时代中期也具有显著优势。这些实物和故事，不仅属于中国，也属于全人类。”中国社会科学院学部委员、著名考古学家王巍说。
然而，宁波的文明叙事并非由海洋单独定义。它蕴含着一层更丰富的内涵——这座城市傍海而居，却以农耕繁荣。而要读懂这个故事，只需走近河姆渡遗址。
河姆渡遗址距今约7000多年，其出土的稻作遗存，成为中国南方史前农耕文化的一座里程碑。河姆渡遗址博物馆馆长叶凯向《环球时报》介绍，遗址现场曾发掘出稻米残留物以及数百件“骨耜”。在这些发现中，炭化稻谷在刚出土时仍泛着金色光泽。这些炭化稻粒是迄今为止世界上发现的最古老的人工栽培稻标本之一。
这些发现不仅实证了稻作农业的“中国起源说”，更揭示了宁波文明是建立在一种海洋与农耕传统相互促进的复合基础之上。而这种兼容并蓄的文明底色，在宁波作为古代海上丝绸之路"活化石"的独特角色中得到了清晰展现。
不同于泉州、广州等海上丝绸之路上的其他重要节点，宁波海上丝路文化的繁荣并未“过度依赖冒险精神”。长三角城市经济协调委员会专家委员、港口专家陈飞龙向《环球时报》指出，真正驱动宁波的是“农业腹地支撑的贸易模式”。
这种驱动力使得宁波能够在海上丝绸之路上交换本地区的特产，如农产品、瓷器、丝绸和茶叶，从而确立了自己作为东北亚文化交流中心的地位。商品之外，建筑工艺与佛教文化也从宁波出发，沿着海上航线传播四方。
“更重要的是，宁波的海上丝绸之路文化展现出非凡的连续性。从唐代至今，它从未中断过。”陈飞龙说。
如今，这种“从未中断”的丝路交往，已在宁波衍生出新的范式，讲述着21世纪海上丝绸之路的故事。依托世界级的宁波舟山港，长三角地区的制成品从这里出口全球。同时，传统的“陆海共生”模式已转变为海洋食品贸易。在出口冷链渔业和粮食产品的同时，宁波也成为了吸引外国投资者的热土。
挪威三文鱼养殖者安德烈亚斯·索鲁德便是一个例证。在政府大力支持下的营商环境的吸引下，他不仅在宁波创办了自己的企业，还帮助更多挪威公司与宁波建立了合作关系。
“从古至今，宁波的海上丝绸之路精神从来不是侵略性的掠夺，而是倡导互利、平等、包容的交往。”陈飞龙说。
Whereseniorsliveinpeaceandcargoshipssailtotheworld–
Ningbo’svillagescharttheirownpathtoward‘commonprosperity’
AviewofTengtouvillageinFenghuadistrictPhoto:CourtesyofTengtouvillage（奉化区滕头村景色。图片来源：滕头村）
Onasummermorning,inaspotlessandairytwo-storyhouse,thehomeofanelderlyresidentinTengtouvillage,Ningbo,EastChina'sZhejiangProvince,woodensofaswereneatlyarrangedinthelivingroomandoldfamilyphotographshungonthewallwhileflowersandgreeneryfilledthesmallcourtyardoutside.Fewwouldexpectthatthevillaofroughly200squaremetershadcostjust100,000yuan($14,000)whenitwasfirstbuilt.
"Previouslywelivedinmudhouses,butlifehereiscompletelydifferentnow,"FuYanggai,75,headoftheelderlyassociationinTengtouvillage,toldtheGlobalTimes.Today,villagersliveinuniformlyplannedhomes,whileelderlyresidentsreceivemonthlysubsidiesalongwithfreedailynecessitiesandstaplefooditems,hesaid.
Morethananhour'sdriveaway,NingbozhanvillageinXiangshancountypresentsaverydifferentscene.Attheentrancetothevillagestandsanewlybuiltlighthouse-shapedmonumentthatreads"Zhejiang'sNo.1MaritimeShippingVillage."Alongthewideasphaltroads,rowsofthree-storytownhouseslinethestreetsinneatorder.Insidethevillagecommitteeoffice,aworldmapisdenselymarkedwithshippingroutesstretchingtoEurope,theUSandSoutheastAsia.
Whatbeganwithafewhand-rowedwoodenboatshasgrownintoshippingcompaniesoperatingmassivecargovessels,witharound80percentofhouseholdsinthevillagenowbenefitingfromtheshippingindustryandrelatedbusinesses.
"Inthebeginning,peopleheremainlyhandleddomesticcoastalshipping.Later,theygraduallymovedintoforeigntradeandstepbystepexpandedroutestoSoutheastAsia,EuropeandtheUS,"WuYongfei,headoftheXiangshanWaterTransportAssociationandlegalrepresentativeoftheNingboYinxingShippingCo,toldtheGlobalTimes.
Intheearlyyears,manyvillagerspooledmoneytogethertobuyships."Ifonefamilyhadcargosourcesorcustomerconnections,theywouldintroducethemtotheotherfamilies,"Wusaid.
AtranquilviewofNingbozhanvillage.Photo:WuMinyong/XiangshanCountyMediaCenter（宁波站村的宁静景色。图片来源：吴敏勇/象山县传媒中心）
Theideaofgrowingtogetherthroughcooperationhasbeenpasseddowninthevillagefordecades.Intheearly1990s,NingbozhanestablishedZhejiang'sfirstvillage-runshippingcompany,layingthefoundationforwhatisnowaclusterofsizablemaritimefirms-helpingthevillageearnitsreputationas"Zhejiang'sNo.1maritimeshippingvillage."
Fromindividualfishermenventuringouttoseatovillagersjointlyrunningcargotransport,andeventuallytoprofessionallyoperatedshippingcompanies,Ningbozhan'stransformationmirrorstheevolutionofChina'sprivatemaritimeindustry.
WusaidonekeyreasonNingbozhanvillage'sshippingindustryhasgrownsorapidlyisthelackofcut-throatcompetitionamongvillagers."Manyofusarerelativesorneighbors.Peopleherefocusmoreongrowingthemarkettogetherthanundercuttingeachother,"hesaid,addingthatovertheyearsthevillagehasgraduallydevelopeditsownmaritimeindustrychain.
"Intheearlydays,theshipsusedtodockrightbythevillage,"Wusaid."Nowthey'vebecomemuchlarger,andmostdepartfromtheNingbo-ZhoushanPortinstead."Evenso,thevillage'stiestotheshippingindustryhaveneverbeenbroken,withsomeresidentsstillspendingmuchoftheirlivesaboardcargoshipssailingroutesacrosstheworld.
"Shipsmaybesailingacrosstheoceans,butthewealthandemotionaltieshavereturnedtothevillage,"saidWuYongye,legalrepresentativeoftheNingboYongzhengShippingCoandheadoftheNingbozhanCommonProsperityPromotionAssociationinXiangshancounty.
Inrecentyears,localshippingentrepreneurshavereturnedtohelppaveroads,improveinfrastructureandprovideinsuranceforelderlyresidents,whilesettingupacommonprosperityassociationtosupportvillagedevelopment.Today,moreyoungpeoplefromthevillageareenrollinginmaritimeuniversities,preparingtotakeoverthefamilyshippingbusiness,hesaid.
In2025,XiangshancountysawitsGDPsurpass100billionyuan,makingNingbothefirstcityinZhejiangwhereeverycountyanddistricthascrossedthethreshold.
Meanwhile,inTengtouvillage,"commonprosperity"isreflectedmoredirectlyinhowindustrialdevelopmentfeedsbackintoeverydaylife.AfterChina'sreformandopening-upbegan,thevillage'ssecondPartysecretarytooktheleadinsettingupcollectivelyrunenterprises,graduallyfosteringastrongentrepreneurialculture.Today,export-orientedbusinessessuchastheAiyimeicashmerebrand,alongwithagriculturalandindustrialparksandruraltourismprojects,havebecomekeypillarsofthevillageeconomy.
"Peoplehereusedtorelyonfarming.Later,inanefforttoliftthevillageoutofpoverty,generationsofvillagePartysecretariesbeganleadingresidentstostartbusinessesandsetupcompanies.Today,manyvillagersrunenterprisesoftheirown,"FuYinuo,deputydirectorofthePartycommitteeofficeofTengtouvillage,toldtheGlobalTimes.
Unlikemanyruralareas,Tengtouhaslonginsistedonkeepingthevillagecollectiveasamajorityshareholderinlocalenterprises,ensuringcollectiveassetsremaindeeplyinvolvedinlong-termoperations."Thegoalisnotsimplytobuildbiggercompanies,buttomakesurethegainsfromdevelopmenteventuallyflowbacktothevillagers,"FuYinuosaid.
In2025,Tengtouvillage'stotaloutputvalueexceeded13.5billionyuan,whilevillagers'percapitadisposableincomereachedaround89,000yuan.Beyondsalariesandbusinessincome,everyvillagerreceivesamonthlywelfaresubsidyof1,500yuan.Residentsovertheageof60receivenolessthan4,000yuanpermonth,alongwithfreericeanddailynecessities.In2019,thevillagealsoestablishedanelderlycarefoundationthatraisedmorethan13millionyuantosupportelderlyactivitiesandmedicalassistance.
"Evenafterstatemedicalinsurancereimbursement,thefoundationcanstillcoverpartoftheremainingcosts,"FuYanggaisaid.Today,amongthevillage'saround900residents,onlyoneelderlypersonlivesalone.Formanyseniors,thebiggestpartofthedayissimplygatheringattheelderlyactivitycentertochat,playcardsandsharemealstogether.
Bytheendof2025,percapitadisposableincomeforruralresidentsinNingbohadexceeded50,000yuan,withruralincomegrowthoutpacingthatofurbanareasandtheurban-ruralincomegapnarrowingto1.60.Behindthefiguresaresmootherruralroads,doorstepdeliveryservices,andeasieraccesstoschoolsandhealthcare.
Inonevillage,elderlyresidentsaregrowingoldinpeace,whileinanother,youngergenerationsareexpandingtheirfamilyshippingbusinessesintowidermarkets."Commonprosperity"isnotanabstractconcept,butsomethingreflectedinthrivingindustriesintheseNingbovillages,whichremainfulloflife.
当老人安稳老去，货轮驶向远洋
——宁波村庄里的“共同富裕”故事
记者张依依报道
初夏的上午，记者走进奉化滕头村一户老人家中。两层小楼收拾得干净明亮，客厅里摆着木质沙发和一家人的老照片，门前的小院种着花草。很难想象，这样一套约200平方米的两层楼小别墅，当年村民只需支付约10万元左右。
“以前住的是泥房子。”75岁的滕头村老年协会会长傅央改告诉《环球时报》记者。如今，村里统一规划建房，老人们不仅住进了新房，每个月还能领取福利金和生活物资。
距离这里约一个多小时车程的象山宁波站村，则是另一番景象。村口新立起的“中国海运第一村”(村庄的美好愿景）灯塔形村标格外醒目，宽敞的柏油路两旁，一幢幢三层联排别墅整齐排列。村委会办公室墙上的世界地图上，密密麻麻标注着欧美、东南亚等航线。这个曾经靠几条手摇小木船到开船公司到买巨轮，如今约80%的家庭从海运及相关产业中受益。
“最开始大家只是跑国内沿海运输，后来慢慢开始接触外贸，再一步一步把航线跑到东南亚、欧美。”象山县水运协会会长、宁波银星海运有限公司法定代表人吴永飞告诉《环球时报》记者。早年间，很多村民都是几户人家一起凑钱买船，“谁家有货源、谁家有客户，大家都会互相介绍，抱团一起做市场。”
抱团发展、合作共赢这一理念就这样在村里延续了下来。上世纪90年代初，村里创立了浙江省第一家村级海运企业，现如今已拥有多家颇具规模的专业海运公司。
“个人赶海”→“集体跑海”→“企业航海”这个是宁波站村海运业变化发展的特色，其中首创浙江村办海运企业是他们的特色，也是被称为“浙江海运第一村”的原因之一。
在吴永飞看来，宁波站村海运业能够做大，一个重要原因就是村民之间很少恶性竞争。“很多人本身就是亲戚、邻居，大家想的是一起把市场做大，而不是互相压价。”他说，宁波站村逐渐形成了自己的海运产业链。
“最早的时候，船就停在村边。”吴永飞说，“现在船越来越大了，很多都改从宁波港出发。”尽管如此，这个村庄与海运的联系却从未中断，一些村民至今仍常年跟着货轮奔波在全球航线上。
“船虽然漂在海上，但财富和感情回到了村里。”宁波永正海运有限公司法定代表人、象山县宁波站共同富裕促进会会长吴永叶说。近年来，当地海运企业家陆续返乡修路、改善基础设施、为老人购买保险，并成立共同富裕促进会支持村庄建设。如今，越来越多年轻人开始进入海事院校学习，准备接班家里的航运企业。
去年，宁波最南端的象山县GDP突破千亿大关。宁波成为浙江首个所有县（市、区）均迈入千亿俱乐部的设区市。
而在滕头村，另一种“共同富裕”则更多体现在产业反哺民生。改革开放后，第二任村支书带头兴办村办企业，逐渐形成浓厚的创业氛围。如今，爱伊美羊绒等出口企业、农业产业园和农文旅项目，共同支撑起村里的产业体系。
“过去大家种地，后来为了脱贫，一任任村书记开始带着大家开公司，现在很多村民自己办企业、开公司。”滕头村党委办副主任傅一诺说。与不少乡村不同的是，滕头村始终坚持村集体控股50%以上，让集体经济持续参与经营。“不是简单把企业做大，而是希望发展成果最后还能回到村民身上。”傅一诺说。
2025年，滕头村社会生产总值超过135亿元，村民人均纯收入约8.9万元。除了工资收入外，每位村民每月还能领取1500元福利金；60岁以上老人每月可领取不低于4000元，并免费领取大米和生活物资。2019年，滕头村成立老年基金会，募集1300多万元资金，用于老人活动和医疗补助。
“医保报销之后，基金会还能继续补。”傅央改说。如今，全村约900名村民中，仅有1位独居老人。很多老人每天最大的“活动”，是去老年活动中心聊天、打牌、吃饭。
截至2025年底，宁波农村居民人均可支配收入突破5万元，增速高于城镇，城乡居民收入倍差缩小至1.60。这些数字背后，是农村的路更好走了，快递到家了，孩子上学、老人看病更方便了。
一个村庄的老人正在安稳养老，另一个村庄的年轻人则继续把家里的航运生意做向更远的市场。对于这些宁波乡村来说，“共同富裕”并不是抽象的概念，而是产业越做越好，村子没有空下去，反而越来越有生气。
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来源：环球时报
